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Test Aircraft "X-Planes" 
Images in: /Aviation/Test Aircraft "X-Planes"
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X-24B with Lockheed F-104N chase plane The X-24B with a Lockheed F-104N chase plane in formation beside it, gliding to a landing on Rogers Dry Lake, adjacent to the NASA Flight Research Center, Edwards, California after a 1972 research flight. The X-24B demonstrated that accurate unpowered reentry vehicle landings were operationally feasible. Top speed achieved by the X-24B was 1,164 mph and the highest altitude it reached was 74,130 feet. |
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X-3 Stiletto after supersonic test run X-3 Stiletto illustrates the aircraft’s long slender fuselage and the small wings. The X-3 Stiletto was a single-place jet-powered research aircraft manufactured by the Douglas Aircraft Company. The X-3's primary mission was to investigate the design features of an aircraft suitable for sustained supersonic speeds, which included the first use of titanium in major airframe components. It was delivered to the NACA High-Speed Flight Station in August of 1954 after some Douglas and Air Force evaluation testing. |
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X-3 Stiletto on lakebed, Edwards Air Force Base X-3 Stiletto is seen on the lakebed at Edwards Air Force Base. The X-3 Stiletto was a single-place jet aircraft with a slender fuselage and a long tapered nose, manufactured by the Douglas Aircraft Company. |
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X-3 Stiletto research aircraft, Edwards AFB X-3 Stiletto research aircraft on the ramp at Edwards Air Force Base in 1954. The X-3 Stiletto was a single-place jet aircraft with a slender fuselage and a long tapered nose, manufactured by the Douglas Aircraft Company. The X-3's primary mission was to investigate the design features of an aircraft suitable for sustained supersonic speeds, which included the first use of titanium in major airframe components. It was delivered to the NACA High-Speed Flight Station in August of 1954 after some Douglas and Air Force evaluation testing. |
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X-3 Stiletto towed to NACA hangar at Edwards AFB the X-3 Stiletto is seen being towed behind the NACA hangar (located on Edwards Air Force base) towards the lakebed. The X-3 Stiletto was a single-place jet aircraft with a slender fuselage and a long tapered nose, manufactured by the Douglas Aircraft Company. |
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X-4 Bantam during test flight NACA High-Speed Flight Research Station X-4 research aircraft is seen in this 1950s in-flight photograph. The X-4 Bantam, a single-place, low swept-wing, semi-tailless aircraft, was designed and built by Northrop Aircraft, Inc. It had no horizontal tail surfaces and its mission was to obtain in-flight data on the stability and control of semi-tailless aircraft at high subsonic speeds. |
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X-4 Bantam high-speed research aircraft NACA High-Speed Flight Research Station's X-4 research aircraft, the horizontal tailless design is quite evident. The X-4 Bantam, a single-place, low swept-wing, semi-tailless aircraft, was designed and built by Northrop Aircraft, Inc. It had no horizontal tail surfaces and its mission was to obtain in-flight data on the stability and control of semi-tailless aircraft at high subsonic speeds. |
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XB-35 during flight testing "Muroc Air Field" Northrop XB-35 "Flying Wing" early in its flight test program, still using its original contra-rotating propellers. Notice that the spinners on the port side have been removed. Edwards AFB (Muroc Army Air Field). |
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XB-35 Flying Wing during maiden flight to Edwards AFB On June 25, 1946, Northrop XB-35 Flying Wing bomber lifted from the run way of the Northrop Aircraft Co. and made its maiden flight to Edwards AFB (then Muroc Army Air Field). The radical new bomber was accompanied on the flight by a Northrop P-61 Black Widow. Shortly after this photo was taken, the P-61 chase plane caught fire, forcing its crew to parachute to safety. |
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XB-35 Flying Wing during rollout Northrop Aircraft XB-35 Flying Wing bomber rolled out from hangar at Northrop Aircraft Company. |
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XB-35 Flying Wing on ramp at Muroc Air Field Northrop Aircraft XB-35 Flying Wing bomber on ramp at Muroc Army Air Field, for flight testing. Muroc Airfield is now called Edwards Air Force Base. |
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XB-70 NASA Research test plane takes off from Edwards AFB This side view shows the #1 XB-70A (62-0001) during take-off rotation. The high angle of attack is a result of the combined effects of aircraft weight along with the performance of the propulsion system. The XB-70A, capable of flying three times the speed of sound, was the world’s largest experimental aircraft in the 1960s. Two XB-70A aircraft were built, serial numbers 62-0001 and 62-0207. Ship #1 was flown by NASA Flight Research Center (now NASA Dryden), Edwards, Calif., in a high speed research program. |
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XB-70 on ramp at Edwards AFB prior to test flight North American Aviation XB-70A on the ramp at Edwards Air Force Base, the figure standing on the ramp provides a relative size comparison with the XB-70A aircraft. Six large nozzles for the General Electric engines are shown between and below the two large vertical tails. The XB-70A, capable of flying three times the speed of sound, was the world's largest experimental aircraft in the 1960s. Two XB-70A aircraft were built. The number one XB-70A was flown by the NASA Flight Research Center (now NASA Dryden), Edwards, California, in a high speed flight research program. The second aircraft was lost in a mid-air collision on June 8, 1966 with a NASA F-104. |
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XB-70 takes off from Edwards AFB for test flight Viewed from the front the #1 XB-70A (62-0001) is shown climbing out during take-off, August 17, 1965. Most flights were scheduled during the morning hours to take advantage of the cooler ambient air temperatures for improved propulsion efficiencies. The wing tips are extended straight out to provide a maximum lifting wing surface. The XB-70A, capable of flying three times the speed of sound, was the world's largest experimental aircraft in the 1960s. Two XB-70A aircraft were built. Ship #1 was flown by NASA in a high speed flight research program. |
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XB-70 Valkyrie employing drag chutes to slow down North American Aviation XB-70 Valkyrie rolling out after landing, employing drag chutes to slow down. In the photo, the outer wing panels are slightly raised. When the XB-70 was flying at high speed, the panels were lowered to improve stability. The XB-70A Valkyrie was the largest experimental aircraft, measuring 190 feet in length, with a wing span of 105 feet and standing 33 feet in height. The aircraft had a delta wing and hinged wing tip that could be folded down to a 65 degree angle to improve stability at the aircraft's supersonic speeds of up to Mach 3. At this speed the Valkyrie was designed to ride its own shock wave. |
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XB-70 Valkyrie in close formation with support aircraft The North American Aviation XB-70 Valkyrie was the largest experimental aircraft, measuring 190 feet in length, with a wing span of 105 feet and standing 33 feet in height. The aircraft had a delta wing and hinged wing tip that could be folded down to a 65 degree angle to improve stability at the aircraft's supersonic speeds of up to Mach 3. At this speed the Valkyrie was designed to ride its own shock wave. |
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XB-70 Valkyrie landing after maiden flight at Edwards AFB The North American Aviation XB-70 Valkyrie was the largest experimental aircraft, measuring 190 feet in length, with a wing span of 105 feet and standing 33 feet in height. The aircraft had a delta wing and hinged wing tip that could be folded down to a 65 degree angle to improve stability at the aircraft's supersonic speeds of up to Mach 3. At this speed the Valkyrie was designed to ride its own shock wave. |
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XB-70 Valkyrie with wing tips down North American Aviation XB-70 Valkyrie (62-0001) is viewed from above in cruise configuration with the wing tips drooped for improved controllability. The XB-70A, capable of flying three times the speed of sound, was the world's largest experimental aircraft in the 1960s. Two XB-70A aircraft were built. Ship #1 was flown by the NASA Flight Research Center(now NASA Dryden), Edwards, California, in a high speed flight research program. |
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XB-70A Valkyrie escorted by TB-58 chase plane "modified B-58" North American Aviation XB-70A #1 taking off on a research flight, escorted by a TB-58 chase plane. The TB-58 (a prototype B-58 modified as a trainer) had a dash speed of Mach 2. This allowed it to stay close to the XB-70 as it conducted its research maneuvers. When the XB-70 was flying at or near Mach 3, the slower TB-58 could often keep up with it by flying lower and cutting inside the turns in the XB-70's flight path when these occurred. The XB-70A Valkyrie was the largest experimental aircraft, measuring 190 feet in length, with a wing span of 105 feet and standing 33 feet in height. The aircraft had a delta wing and hinged wing tip that could be folded down to a 65 degree angle to improve stability at the aircraft's supersonic speeds of up to Mach 3. At this speed the Valkyrie was designed to ride its own shock wave. |
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XB-70A Valkyrie in high altitude test flight The North American Aviation XB-70 (62-0001) is in a level cruise flight mode at a relative high altitude judging from the darkness of the sky. The XB-70A, capable of flying three times the speed of sound, was the world's largest experimental aircraft in the 1960s. Two XB-70A aircraft were built. Ship #1 was flown by the NASA Flight Research Center (now NASA Dryden), Edwards, California, in a high speed research program. The XB-70A Valkyrie experimental aircraft measuring 190 feet in length, with a wing span of 105 feet and standing 33 feet in height. The aircraft had a delta wing and hinged wing tip that could be folded down to a 65 degree angle to improve stability at the aircraft's supersonic speeds of up to Mach 3. At this speed the Valkyrie was designed to ride its own shock wave. |
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XLR-11 rocket engine mounted in the X-24A lifting body This photo shows a close-up view of the XLR-11 rocket engine mounted in the X-24A lifting body research vehicle. The X-24A would be air-launched from a B-52 mothership, and then its pilot would light the XLR-11 rocket engine for the powered portion of the research flight. The X-24A would then glide back to a landing on a lakebed near the NASA Flight Research Center, Edwards, California. |
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